What is it?

An open-source, cross-browser JavaScript library, for stuff like Ajax, modifying HTML and CSS, event handling, animation.

Who/What/When?

It was released January 2006 at BarCamp NYC by John Resig.

Why do we care?

Smaller, faster (*), less painful

For example: Toggle the background color of every odd row:

one
two
three
four
five
six

In Prototype:

$$('tr').each(
  function(element, i){
    if (i%2==1) {
      element.toggleClassName('grey');
    }
  }
);

In jQuery:

$('tr:nth-child(odd)').toggleClass('grey')