Tag, Class, ID

$('p#tableOfContents a.chapterTitle')

Attribute text

$('input[type="hidden"]')

$('a[href^="https"]')

$('a[href$=".pdf"]')

$('a[href*="joegrossberg.com"]')

Parents/Children

$('a > li')

$('li:has(a)')

<p>Here's a <a href="#">link outside</a> the list</p>
<ul>
<li>Just some text</li>
<li>This one has a <a href="#">link</a> inside it</li>
<li>Some more text</li>
</ul>

$(tr:nth-child(5))

Others